Competency Goal 3: The learner will build an understanding of the geological cycles, forces, processes, and agents which shape the lithosphere.

Objectives

3.01 Evaluate the forces that shape the lithosphere including:

• Crustal plate movement.
• Folding and faulting.
• Deposition.
• Volcanic Activity.
• Earthquakes.

3.02 Examine earthquake and volcano patterns.

3.03 Explain the model for the interior of the earth.

3.04 Describe the processes which form and the uses of earth materials.

• Rock cycle.
• Minerals.
• Characteristics of rocks.
• Economic use of rocks and minerals.
• Value of gems and precious metals.
• Common gems, minerals, precious metals and rocks found in N.C.

3.05 Analyze soil properties that can be observed and measured to predict soil quality including:

• Color.
• Horizon profile.
• Infiltration.
• Soil temperature.
• Structure.
• Consistency.
• Texture.
• Particle size.
• pH.
• Fertility.
• Soil moisture.

3.06 Evaluate ways in which human activities have affected Earth's pedosphere and the measures taken to control the impact:

• Vegetative cover.
• Agriculture.
• Land use.
• Nutrient balance.
• Soil as a vector.

3.07 Assess the use of technology and information systems in monitoring lithospheric phenomenon.

3.08 Conclude that the good health of environments and organisms requires:

• Monitoring of the pedosphere.
• Taking steps to maintain soil quality.
• Stewardship.